Researcher
Arne Melchior
Contactinfo and files
Summary
Arne Melchior’s research areas include international trade and global development; trade policy and international economic institutions; international inequality; geographical economics and regional development; Asia, India and China. Ph.D. (Dr. Polit., 1997) in economics from the University of Oslo, on international economic integration.
He has been head of the international economics group at NUPI for extended periods, and Assistant Director (3 years). Before research career: Experience from international trade negotiations as government official; including multilateral trade negotiations, and bilateral negotiations with several Asian countries. Experience from managing a large number of research projects.
Expertise
Education
1997 Dr. polit., University of Oslo, Dept. of Economics. Dissertation: On the Economics of Market Access and International Economic Integration.
1990 Cand. polit, economics, University of Bergen, Norway, specialisation in economics, thesis: On the impact of quotas on low-cost imports of clothing
1981 Certificate of Advanced European Studies, Bruges, Belgium. Specialisation: International economics.
Work Experience
1989- Research Fellow/Senior Research Fellow/Head of Department/Assistant Director at NUPI
1981-1987 Senior Executive Officer/Head of Division, Ministry of Trade and Shipping, Norway
Aktivitet
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Clear all filtersEurope in transition – Small States and Europe in an age of global shifts
In this age of European transitions and global shifts, what significance does the EU hold for small states? Is it becoming more important, or increasingly obsolete? NUPI invites you to an open session, with Minister for European Economic Area and EU Affairs Vidar Helgesen, as part of our EUNOR conference.
Economic outlooks for Africa
African Economic Outlook 2015: What are Africa´s economic outlooks?
Trade barriers or trade facilitators? On the heterogeneous impact of food standards in international trade
Recent research shows that food standards can be heterogeneous across sectors or countries: they sometimes act as barriers to trade, but in other cases may lead to increased trade. We present empirical evidence from Norwegian seafood export data showing that food standards, measured by SPS and TBT notifications, generally have a negative impact on total exports, the number of exporters and their average exports. However, for fresh seafood, the impact of SPSs is positive. We present a theoretical explanation for this, suggesting that food standards reduce consumer uncertainty about quality and safety and therefore increase demand
Transatlantic free trade and its economic impact
What is the impact of TTIP on third countries like Norway?
The World Trade Organization enlargement, tariffs and world seafood trade.
The document shows that there has been a major success in the World Trade Organization (WTO) with the addition of 31 new members. This has contributed to lower tariffs for seafood trade. Among the founding members of the WTO, many have considerable “water in the tariffs” and the legal option of raising their most-favoured nation (MFN) applied tariffs. The analysis shows that most countries have not used this option; there has been no protectionist backlash for fisheries tariffs but, on average, a trend towards more liberal trade. The econometric analysis investigated whether WTO membership affected trade, for whatever tariff or non-tariff reason. The results are in line with recent contributions showing that WTO membership leads to increased trade. According to the results, WTO membership stimulates trade particularly at the “extensive margin”, by promoting new entry into seafood markets. This result is driven particularly by trade in crustaceans and processed seafood.
Europe in transition – Small states and Europe in an age of global shifts (EUNOR)
What is the significance of the EU for small states in Europe today?...
Økonomiske virkninger av en frihandelsavtale mellom EU og USA
Rapporten skisserer bakgrunnen for forhandlingene om en frihandelsavtale mellom USA og EU (TTIP – Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership) og de mulige økonomiske virkningene. To sentrale studier, utført av CEPR i London samt IFO-instituttet i Tyskland, anslår betydelige økonomiske gevinster for EU og USA. Som følge av at tollbarrierene mellom USA og EU er moderate, konkluderer begge studiene at de viktigste gevinstene ved TTIP kommer fra reduksjon i ikke-tollmessige handelshindringer. Mens CEPR anslår moderate virkninger for tredjeland som Norge, hevder studien fra IFO at det kan oppstå betydelige negative virkninger for tredjeland. Ut fra en drøfting av metoden konkluderer vi med at de negative virkningene for Norge i den sistnevnte studien antagelig er overdrevet. Årsaken er at den i for liten grad tar hensyn til at nedtrapping av ikke-tollmessige handelshindringer mellom USA og EU kan ha positive effekter for tredjeland. For eksempel vil Norge måtte tilpasse seg TTIPs regelverk på en rekke områder gjennom EØS, og får dermed del av fordelene ved friere handel. En eventuell separat frihandelsavtale mellom Norge og USA vil ha positive økonomiske virkninger for Norge, spesielt for enkelte industrisektorer. Fordi mer enn 60 % av vareeksporten til USA er olje og gass, som i liten grad er begrenset av toll eller ikke-tollmessige hindringer, er gevinsten for Norge antakelig mindre enn tilsvarende for EU. Fordi Norge er et lite og perifert land skjer en god del av importen indirekte via Europa og prisen på import fra USA øker med 40 % på veien. Dersom en frihandelsavtale kan skape enklere og mer direkte handel med USA, kan velferdsgevinsten bli større og dette øker motivasjonen for en frihandelsavtale. En frihandelsavtale kan også bety en viss liberalisering på landbruksområdet og slutt på betydelige subsidier til eksport av Jarlsbergost til USA.
Transatlantisk frihandel og Norge
Forhandlingene om et handels- og investeringspartnerskap (TTIP) mellom EU og USA er svært ambisiøse og har som mål å fjerne tollbarrierer samt en rekke regulatoriske hindringer mellom de to partene. Avtalen er ment å dekke handel i både varer og tjenester samt investeringer. I rapporten analyserer vi konsekvensene av et TTIP for Norge. Vi ser også på konsekvenser av en egen handels- og investeringsavtale mellom Norge og USA.