Hege Medin
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Hege Medin var seniorforsker hos NUPI.
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Etableringskostnader er en inngangsbarriere for bedrifter som ønsker å satse på eksport
Uforståelig påstand
Mens det er viktig med faglig og politisk debatt om virkningene av en handelsavtale mellom EU og USA (TTIP), blir det for enkelt å avskrive de bidrag man ikke liker som «utdaterte».
KRONIKK: Hvem eier i Norge? NUPI-forskere fant en del hull i eierskapsoversiktene
NUPI-forskere har sjekket hvor god oversikten er over utenlandsk eierskap i hele Norge.
Customs brokers as intermediaries in international trade
Recent studies suggest that intermediaries like merchants facilitate international trade by reducing fixed trade costs for producers that trade through them instead of exporting or importing directly. This study argues that customs brokers–a type of intermediary rarely studied in economics before–play a similar role by reducing fixed costs of clearing goods through customs for firms that use them instead of self-declaring. Using panel data of Norwegian trade transactions, the paper shows that the majority of manufacturing producers participating in international trade use such brokers, and that the brokers typically handle large trade values on behalf of several different produces. In an econometric analysis, the author finds that the share of a producer’s market specific trade that is self-declared rather than handled by brokers increases with the traded value. This is in line with predictions from theoretical models on trade intermediaries and holds after controlling for observed as well as unobserved factors at the producer, country and product level. Results are similar for exporting and importing, indicating that brokers facilitate both modes of trade.
Utenlandsinvesteringer i sjømatnæringen og norsk tilknytning til EU
I kapittelet drøfter vi utenlandsinvesteringer i sjømatnæringen og Norges forhold til EU. Mens eierskap i fangst hovedsakelig er nasjonalt, er oppdrettsnæringen preget av multinasjonale selskaper. Norge og mange EU-land har begrensninger på utenlandsk eierskap i fangst. Derimot er det ikke tilsvarende begrensninger på utenlandsk eierskap i foredling eller i oppdrett. Alternative tilknytningsformer til EU kan påvirke investeringsstrømmer i fiskerisektoren.
Responsible Innovation and Happiness: A New Approach to the Effects of ICTs (HAPPY)
Dette prosjektet søker å bidra til utvidelse av forskningen på ansvarlig innovasjon ved å gjennomføre en serie empiriske studier på de sosioøkonomiske effektene av informasjons- og kommunikasjonstekno...
Preferential tariffs and development of Norwegian rose import from Africa
Purpose Imports of cut roses increased after Norway implemented a preferential tariff scheme for the Least Developed Countries in 2002. When the scheme was extended to more countries in 2008 – among them Kenya – imports exploded. This article studies the subsequent changes in supply channels, import costs and the way Norwegian firms imported. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative data, obtained through interviews among five rose importers, are combined with quantitative data for all importing firms and transactions in Norway for years 2003–2014. These data are analysed in light of recent economic theories on international trade. Findings When Kenya was included in the scheme, imports from Europe and domestic production in Norway decreased substantially. Imports from some African countries with low income levels also declined. Importing under GSP involves high fixed import costs due to stringent procedures. Each firm’s imports increased gradually, and over time learning may have facilitated importing. Direct trade with African producers and control over the logistics chain seem to have become more important. Research limitations/implications The analysis build mainly on data for Norwegian importers, not for African exporters. Managerial or Policy implications Simplifying the GSP procedures could increase Norwegian imports from developing countries and induce establishment of new trade relationships, perhaps also for other products than roses. Originality/value Using a mixture of original qualitative data as well as unique, detailed and comprehensive quantitative data, the article provides new insights into how a developed country’s preferential tariff reductions towards developing countries affect trade and buyer-supplier relationships.
Consequences of Investments for National Security (COINS)
Hvordan kan liberale åpne samfunn høste fordelene av åpne økonomier, samtidig som de beskytter sine legitime sikkerhetsinteresser? I prosjektet «Consequences of Investments for National Security» unde...
Free trade agreements in a small, open country: The case of Norway
Verdens handelsorganisasjon gjorde i 2018 en gjennomgang av Norges handelspolitikk, og Medin ble invitert til å skrive en vurdering av denne gjennomgangen for forskningstiddskriftet the World Economy. Medin peker på at WTOs gjennomgang hadde lite å si om Norges frihandelsavtaler utover EØS og EFTA til tross for at forhandling av slike frihandelsavtaler har høy politisk prioritet i Norge. I artikkelen viser Medin at avtaler utenom EØS og EFTA i dag dekker ca. 10 prosent av Norges handel, og at andelen vil antagelig øke i fremtiden. Norge har et av verdens største nettverk av slike avtaler, og avtalene har gradvis blitt mer omfattende. I tillegg til å fjerne toll, dekker de også en rekke ikke-tollmessige områder. Utviklingen er en del av en global trend.
Internet use, intermediaries and international trade
This study of the relationship between internet use and international trade finds that firms in many developing countries are more likely to engage in export and/or import if they use the internet as a communication tool. An ordered probit regression indicates that internet use is positively associated with direct participation in trade, as well as with indirect participation via trade intermediaries. Data on countries’ aggregate trade do not give support for the micro-findings, however: no significant association emerges between the share of internet users in a given country and that country's openness to trade.