Forsker
Arne Melchior
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Sammendrag
Arne Melchior forsker på internasjonal handel og global utvikling, handelspolitikk og internasjonale økonomiske institusjoner, internasjonal ulikhet, geografisk økonomi og regional utvikling. Han har særlig arbeidet med Asia, India og Kina. Melchior avla doktorgrad i økonomi ved Universitetet i Oslo i 1997. Tema for avhandlingen var internasjonal økonomisk integrasjon.
Melchior har ledet forskningsgruppen for internasjonal økonomi på NUPI i flere perioder, og har vært assisterende direktør ved instituttet i tre år. Han har erfaring fra internasjonale handelsforhandlinger som departementsansatt, inkludert multilaterale forhandlinger og bilaterale forhandlinger med flere asiatiske land. Han har ledet en rekke forskningsprosjekter.
Ekspertise
Utdanning
1997 Dr. polit., Institutt for økonomi, avhandling: On the Economics of Market Access and International Economic Integration.
1981 Internasjonal økonomi og europeisk integrasjon, College of Europe, Brugge
1990 Cand. polit, økonomi, Universitet i Bergen.
Arbeidserfaring
1989- Forsker/seniorforsker/ass.dir./avdelingsleder ved NUPI
1981-1987 Førstekonsulent/byråsjef i Handels og sjøfartsdepartementet
Aktivitet
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Tøm alle filtreLearning, Networks and Sunk Costs in International trade: Evidence form Norwegian Seafood Exports
Based on new survey data for 81 Norwegian seafood exporters, the report examines the composition and magnitude of different types of trade costs, ranging from tariffs and transport costs to other sales costs. The results suggest that there are economies of scale in the exporting activity, due to fixed costs of market entry, learning through experience, and externalities between firms so that one exporter benefits from the others via learning or joint marketing effects. Seafood exports strongly rely on personal networks, and firms incur costs in order to establish these networks. On the whole, however, fixed sales costs for seafood exports are small, due to these products being relatively homogeneous. In spite of this, such costs matter for the choice of markets and the magnitude of trade. The report analyses how costs vary across products, firms and markets. For seafood exports, traditional trade barriers such as tariffs and transport costs are more important than the sunk costs. Transport costs do not increase proportionally with geographical distance, mainly since this is not the case for sea transports.
Globalisation and industrial location: The impact of trade policy when geography matters
The paper shows how industrial location and welfare depends on “most-favoured nation” (MFN) versus distance-related trade barriers, using a monopolistic competition model with regions located along a “Hotelling” line or on a square plain. Manufacturing production will cluster close to the periphery if transport costs are relatively high, but in central areas if MFN barriers are relatively high. The peripheries will be at a disadvantage, which increases when trade barriers are reduced. When countries or trading blocs are formed, a core-periphery pattern emerges within each of them. While lower transport costs create more centralisation within countries, lower MFN barriers between countries have the opposite effect.