Publikasjoner
Beyond Mothers, Monsters, Whores: Thinking about Women’s Violence in Global Politics
Det er ofte fokus på offerrollen når det snakkes om kvinner i krig og konflikt. Det er en viktig del av den kjønna erfaringen av konflikt, og var lenge neglisjert i både akademia og politikken. Samtidig overser mange fremdeles kvinners aktive deltagelse i politisk vold. Det analytiske utgangspunktet i «Beyond Mothers, Monsters, Whores: Thinking about Women’s Violence in Global Politics» er at feminisme ikke handler om å argumentere for at kvinner er mindre voldelige enn menn, eller at verden automatisk ville vært et bedre sted om kvinner styrte den. Det handler om å analysere manifestasjoner av kjønn i global politikk. Kvinner som voldelige politiske aktører går imot de dominerende bildene av kvinner som fredelige, moderlige, emosjonelle, rene, uskyldige, fredselskende. I konfliktsituasjoner er de dermed gjerne fremstilt som enten årsaken (det som skal beskyttes) eller ofrene. Hvis det er først er fokus på kvinner som voldsutøverer, blir det gjerne individualisert og knyttet til dem som kvinner. De er ikke bare voldsutøverer, de er kvinnelige voldsutøverer – både voldelige, og dårlige som kvinner, sjelden fremstilt som «bare» terrorister eller soldater. Tilsvarende blir de sjelden fremstilt som «rasjonelle» aktører, og deres valg tolkes gjerne som noe personlig, ikke politisk.
Rethinking the Humanitarian-Development Nexus
In this policy brief, the author outlines the first steps taken in the rethinking of the humanitarian-development nexus. The next Secretary-General would be advised to continue on the same path in order to make sure that the recent commitments made by member states and expressed in various documents are realised. The author sums up five areas the next Secretary-General should prioritize. This policy brief is to a large extent based on the seminar titled Rethinking the humanitarian-development nexus, which was held at NUPI on 15 March 2016. The seminar was co-organised by NUPI, the Norwegian Centre for Humanitarian Studies and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as part of the UN 70: A new Agenda project.
The Human Rights Pillar of the United Nations: Challenges and the Way Ahead
Last year the United Nations (UN) turned 70 years old, and this year marks the tenth anniversary of the Human Rights Council and the 50th anniversary of the two international human rights covenants. As the organisation is in the process of choosing its ninth Secretary-General, who will take office on 1st January 2017, it is timely to take stock of the UN human rights pillar and to identify areas that can be improved in order to make this pillar more suited for fulfilling its intended purpose and for dealing with contemporary challenges. This policy brief offers suggestions as to what the next UN Secretary-General can do to consolidate and strengthen the human rights pillar.
A conceptual history of diplomacy
Scholars of diplomacy have identified diplomatic practices across the human experience, spanning the globe and going back before recorded history. Even so, the actual term ‘diplomacy’ did not enter into usage until the last decade of the 18th century. Does this discrepancy matter, and if so, what can it tell us? These are the underlying questions of this chapter. Drawing on a relatively modest secondary literature, as well as a number of primary sources, Leira emphasises the relative modernity of the concept of ‘diplomacy’, and how it emerged very rapidly as part of a much wider transformation of political vocabularies around 1800. Furthermore, he stresses, how it emerged as a contested concept (almost a term of abuse), and how it has repeatedly been contested over the last two centuries.
Why Consider New Approaches to Peacebuilding and Evaluation, and Why Turn to Complexity for Answers?
Complexity Thinking for Peacebuilding Practice and Evaluation
This book addresses the core dilemma that practitioners have to confront: how to function in situations that are fast changing and complex, when equipped with tools designed for neither? How do we reconcile the tension between the use of linear causal logic and the dynamic political transitions that interventions are meant to assist? Insights from Complexity Thinking for Peacebuilding Practice and Evaluation covers the design, evaluation, and learning for international interventions aiming to promote peace. More specifically, it reconceptualises this space by critically analysing mainstream approaches – presenting both conceptual and empirical content. This volume offers a variety of original and insightful contributions to the debates grappling with the adoption of complexity thinking. Readers will be given a rare opportunity to superimpose the latest conceptual innovations with the latest case study applications and from a diverse spectrum of organisational vantage points. This provides the myriad practitioners and consultants in this space with invaluable insights as to how to improve their trade craft, while ensuring policy makers and the accompanying research/academic industry have clearer guidance and innovative thinking. This edited volume provides critically innovative offerings for the audiences that make up this broad area’s practitioners, researchers/academics/educators, and consultants, as well as policy makers.
Lebanon on the brink
Gravely affected by the Syrian crisis, Lebanon has managed to remain relatively stable against all odds – despite the influx of some 1.5 million Syrian refugees and internal political crisis involving actors who support opposing Syrian factions. Lebanon’s resilience can be explained by the high opportunity cost of state breakdown for domestic, regional and international political actors. Moreover, international economic assistance, diaspora remittances and informal networks established by refugees help to prevent outright economic breakdown. Yet, stability remains extremely precarious. Important tipping points include (1) the IS strategy of spreading the conflict to Lebanon, and the consequent disintegration of the army along sectarian lines, (2) democratic decline and popular dissatisfaction, (3) Hizbullah’s domestic ambitions and Israeli fears over the group’s growing military power and (4) the potential for frustration between refugees and host communities turning into recurrent violence. However, (5) the slow economic decline and the worsening sanitary conditions stand out as the greatest challenges.