Why carbon border adjustment mechanisms will not save the planet but a climate club and subsidies for transformative green technologies may

Skrevet av

Roman Vakulchuk

Seniorforsker, Leder for forskningsgruppen for klima og energi

Indra Øverland

Forsker I

David Tarr

Konsulent og tidligere sjefsøkonom, The World Bank

Red.

Sammendrag:

We find that both empirical results and economic theory show that carbon border adjustment mechanisms (CBAMs) will be ineffective at meeting global goals for carbon emissions reduction; but CBAMs will be effective at improving the competitiveness of the domestic industries by assuring that imports bear equal costs of carbon pricing. We elaborate two complementary proposals that hold greater promise for meeting climate goals: (i) a Climate Club, where member countries impose a minimum price for carbon emissions at home and a tariff surcharge on all imports from non-member countries; and (ii) a 0.2%-of-GDP subsidy by high-income countries for transformative research designed to make green energy cheaper than fossil fuels. We discuss multiple paths for a Climate Club to be accommodated within the rules of the World Trade Organization and recommend use of the exception clause under GATT Article XX.

Published year: 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106695
Publisher: Elsevier
Page count: 13
Language: Engelsk
Journal: Energy Economics