Francesco Strazzari

Policy brief summarizing lessons learnt on the EU’s measures to prevent violent extremism in the region

How do EU initiatives that are geared to help prevent and counter violent extremism in North Africa and the Sahel match the underlying drivers of radicalisation? This PREVEX Policy Brief offers a reading of EU strategies in the backlight of our findings, which stem from fieldwork that was conducted in cases of both occurrence and non-occurrence of violent extremist escalation across North Africa and the Sahel. As scholarly literature lays emphasis on how phenomena such as violent extremism are highly context-dependent, it is crucial to understand regional and local dynamics of social change and intermediation. This brief therefore provides an overall assessment of EU P/CVE policies and projects in North Africa and the Sahel, focusing on key contextual policy issues: democratic governance, rule of law, education, gender, reintegration. It argues that EU’s emphasis on rule of law is particularly appropriate, while there is room for greater engagement in the fields of education and reintegration – provided that conflict-sensitive lenses are carefully applied. In the fields of democratic governance and gender, instead, a mismatch between general strategies and on-the-ground implementation can be observed. Targeted research in these critical areas of intervention and assistance is highly needed. Overall, our analysis invites to consider radicalisation processes not as social pathology but as ongoing social phenomena that take place in a space where several actors rival for material and ideational resources, and therefore require careful assessment and multi-scalar prioritisation, including at the regional and transnational level.

Governance, fragility and insurgency in the Sahel: a hybrid order in the making

For under et tiår siden ble Sahel ansett som et område uten særlig betydning for global sikkerhet. Dette har endret seg markant, ettersom Sahel konfronterer det internasjonale samfunn med en rekke sammenvevde utfordringer,som klimavariabilitet, fattigdom, matvareusikkerhet, flyktninger og internt fordrevne, transnasjonal kriminalitet, illegitime stater og jihadistiske opprørsbevegelser. I denne introduksjonen til et spesialnummer om Sahel diskuterer forfatterne konturene av ulike mulige politiske ordenen som kan være i støpeskjeen i Sahel. Spesielt fokuserer Bøås og Strazzari på hvordan regionale sikkerhetsdynamikker har utviklet seg i løpet av det siste tiåret og hvordan denne utviklingen speiles i militærkuppene i Mali i 2012 og 2020. Forfatterne viser hvorledes den politiske, sosiale og økonomiske kompleksiteten i regionen ikke kan forstås gjennom overflatiske bilder av ‘krig mot terror’ eller ‘Sahel som en region uten styring eller orden’. I stedet vektlegger de at detaljerte feltstudier basert på politisk økonomi og historisk sosiologi viser at Sahel ikke er et område uten politisk orden, men snarere at det som preger regionen er ulike konkurrerende politiske prosjekter som kjemper om kontroll og eventuelt hegemoni.

Working paper on implementation of EU crisis response in Libya

Terrore Sovrano. Stato e Jihad nell'Era Post-Liberale

How the EU is facing crises in its neighbourhood: Evidence from Libya and Ukraine

Securitisation of research: fieldwork under new restrictions in Darfur and Mali

Knowledge on conflict-affected areas is becoming increasingly important for scholarship and policy. This article identifies a recent change in knowledge production regarding 'zones of danger', attributing it not only to the external environment, but also to an on-going process of securitisation of research resulting from institutional and disciplinary practices. Research is increasingly framed by security concerns and is becoming a security concern in itself, although the implications are not readily acknowledged. To illustrate these developments, we draw on fieldwork in Mali and Darfur.