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Climate, Peace and Security Fact Sheet: Colombia

In 2016, the Government of Colombia and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) signed the Final Peace Agreement, linking the country’s peace process to comprehensive rural reform, reintegration of former combatants and addressing illicit crop cultivation, among other issues. The Peace Agreement is hailed as a landmark achievement for ending the armed conflict in Colombia. It includes reference to environmental and biodiversity protection, respect for environmental and human rights, and sustainable development, as components of the peace process. Nevertheless, implementation of the Peace Agreement can give rise to challenges for environmental protection and climate action in Colombia. Comprehensive rural reform, a core component of the Peace Agreement, may increase natural resource extraction, contribute to environmental degradation and accentuate climate vulnerabilities. Furthermore, numerous non-state armed groups (NSAGs) continue to drive violence, insecurity and displacement, heightening the vulnerability of the conflict-affected population to climate change and environmental degradation. This Fact Sheet focuses on Colombia’s peace process since 2016 and how climate-related security risks interact with specific provisions of the Peace Agreement.
  • South and Central America
  • Peace operations
  • Climate
  • United Nations
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Publications
Publications

Norge må se det nye EU

In this op-ed, Svendsen and Riddervold present the latest developments in the EU, particularly related to health policy. In particular, the authors present and discuss the concept of strategic autonomy and argue that the Norwegian debate about European policies must to a greater extent be based on this very concept.

  • Europe
  • The Nordic countries
  • The EU
Norge må se det nye EU.PNG
  • Europe
  • The Nordic countries
  • The EU
Publications
Publications
Book

The Politics of Third Countries in EU Security and Defence: Norway, Brexit and Beyond

This book examines security and defence cooperation between the EU and third countries, in particular the United Kingdom and Norway. Brexit has placed the question of third-party engagement firmly back in the spotlight, especially given the UK’s significance as a security and defence actor, and the failure of both sides to agree terms for cooperation in this area. The book explains why the seemingly obvious need for cooperation and shared strategic interests alone does not lead to frictionless cooperation or integration between the EU and like-minded third countries. Adding a theoretical and conceptual depth to what is still largely an empirical topic, it draws important conclusions about the possibilities and limits of European security and defence cooperation during challenging times. It also raises key questions about the nature and suitability of the pre-existing security and defence architecture in Europe, and the place of non-EU members within it. The book will appeal to academics and students interested in European politics, EU security, and security and defence studies.

  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • Europe
  • The Nordic countries
  • The EU
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  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • Europe
  • The Nordic countries
  • The EU
Publications
Publications
Scientific article

Theorizing Public Performances for International Negotiations

This article theorizes how public performances matter in international negotiations. Studies of international negotiations are predominantly focused on power-political instruments in use around the negotiating table. I argue that public communication cannot be dismissed as cheap talk but that it plays a constitutive role in and on international negotiations. Contributing to the international relations (IR) literature on negotiations, the article suggests an orientation toward an increasingly important aspect of international negotiations in a hypermediated world political context, namely public performances that challenge the distinction between domestic signaling and claim-making toward negotiating parties. Hypermediated negotiations mean that much of what goes on in IR is spread to large audiences in new and emerging digital sites in near real time. Actors use public performances to define and legitimize their desired visions for negotiating outcomes. As public performances, these are power-political instruments in and of themselves, part of the array of tactics that states turn to when competing for influence in international negotiations. The theorization is illustrated with an example from the UK–EU Brexit negotiations. The illustration is a qualitative Twitter analysis that shows the performative toolbox in use, as well as the importance of public performances themselves in the endgame of the Brexit negotiations.

  • Europe
  • The EU
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  • Europe
  • The EU
Publications
Publications

Liberal halvtime: En lang samtale med Julie Wilhelmsen om Russland

(This podcast episode is in Norwegian). In episode 343 of the think tank Civita's 'Liberal halvtime', Senior research Fellow Julie Wilhelmsen talks Russia and Ukraine with podcast host Eirik Løkke.

  • Russia and Eurasia
  • Conflict
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  • Russia and Eurasia
  • Conflict
Publications
Publications
Report

Recalibration of Norway's development aid to Africa based on Africa's agricultural response measures to the Ukraine war

As the world grapples with the fallout from the Russian invasion of Ukraine, an adage comes to mind: In every crisis, there is an opportunity.

  • Development policy
  • Africa
  • Conflict
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  • Development policy
  • Africa
  • Conflict
Media
Media
Lecture

Etter bruddet ­- hvor går Storbritannia post Brexit?

Hvor går veien videre for Storbritannia? Finnes det «en tredje vei», mer eller mindre fristilt fra EU og EØS-lignende avtaler, som sikrer at både hennen i gata, bedriftseieren og politikerne finner fram til mer stabile løsninger som sikrer forsoning, framtidsoptimisme og en gjenreist fordums stolthet for den kulturelt sett så store og rike øystaten i vest? For å bruke den britiske journalisten David Goodharths begrepspar somewheres og anywheres, i senere tid ofte brukt for å forklare grunnleggende motsetninger i befolkningen, kan man si at den tidvis aggressive motstanden mot Brussel tilsynelatende kom ingensteds fra. Det er på mange måter denne delen av Storbritannia Yohan Shanmugaratnam har beskrevet i sin kritikerroste og prisvinnende bok «Bruddet», som gir et unikt bilde av situasjonen sett fra «bakken» i England. Shanmugaratnam møter forfatter Øyvind Bratberg, i år aktuell med «Falmet fløyel i London», samt en av Norges fremste kapasiteter på temaet Brexit i Kristin Haugevik fra NUPI. Samtalen ledes av journalist Ina Gundersen. Arrangeres i samarbeid mellom Kapittel og Kåkå Kverulantkatedralen.

  • Diplomacy
  • Europe
  • The EU
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  • Diplomacy
  • Europe
  • The EU
Publications
Publications

The Ukraine war and the NATO responses in the Baltic and the High North regions

24. mars møttes NATOs regjeringssjefer i Brussel. for å diskutere krigen i Ukraina. Seniorforsker Karsten Friis snakker i denne podkasten, som er spilt inn et par dager før møtet, med NATO-general General Jörg Vollmer (Commander of Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum) og generalløytnant Yngve Odlo (sjef for Forsvarets operative hovedkvarter) om utfordringene Russland representerer i Baltikum og Nordområdene, og hvordan NATO og Norge best kan svare.

  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • Conflict
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  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • Conflict
Publications
Publications
Research paper
Steven Blockmans

Keeping up with the emerging European Defence Union: synchronising third country participation

Years of underspending combined with off-the-shelf weapons deliveries to support the Ukrainian armed forces has confronted EU countries with a threefold challenge: to replenish stockpiles; replace obsolete Soviet era equipment; and reinforce the innovation of new capabilities. As a matter of urgency, member states have dramatically increased their defence spending, while the EU institutions have proposed a raft of new policy instruments to invest, develop and procure in a joined-up manner. There is now a serious opportunity for member states to meet old and new pledges by overhauling the EU’s defence industrial and innovation regime. But they shouldn’t do so in splendid isolation. The direct involvement of third countries will be necessary to coordinate priorities, foster the transfer of technology and materials, screen for investments by strategic rivals, and monitor the end-use of military capabilities developed across value chains. EU rules and conditions for third country participation in defence industrial and technological cooperation should be developed in such way so as not to signal to the US, Canada, Norway, Japan and other allies and like-minded countries that their companies are no longer welcome on the EU’s emerging single defence market. To suggest otherwise would neither be good for the future competitiveness of the European industry nor for the protection of the EU’s security interests.

  • Defence
  • Europe
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  • Defence
  • Europe
Articles
Articles

Orbán’s racism shouldn’t come as a surpise

This op-ed was published 10.09.22
  • Europe
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