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NUPI skole

Theory and method

What are the key questions related to theory and method?
Benjamin  de Carvalho
Researchers

Benjamin de Carvalho

Research Professor

Benjamin de Carvalho is a research professor at NUPI, working in the Research group on Global Order and Diplomacy (GOaD). His research interests h...

  • Globalisation
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Peace operations
  • Humanitarian issues
  • Nation-building
  • Oceans
  • United Nations
  • Historical IR
  • Globalisation
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Peace operations
  • Humanitarian issues
  • Nation-building
  • Oceans
  • United Nations
  • Historical IR
Halvard  Leira
Researchers

Halvard Leira

Research Director, Research Professor

Halvard Leira is Research Professor and Research Director at NUPI.Halvard Leira’s main areas of research is foreign policy and diplomacy, with a s...

  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • The Nordic countries
  • Nationalism
  • Oceans
  • Historical IR
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • The Nordic countries
  • Nationalism
  • Oceans
  • Historical IR
Nina  Græger
Researchers

Nina Græger

Research Professor (part time)

Nina Græger is research professor at NUPI, in the Research group on global order and diplomacy and professor in international relations at the Uni...

  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Regional integration
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • North America
  • The Nordic countries
  • Peace operations
  • Conflict
  • International organizations
  • Historical IR
  • Defence
  • Security policy
  • NATO
  • Regional integration
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • North America
  • The Nordic countries
  • Peace operations
  • Conflict
  • International organizations
  • Historical IR
Kari M. Osland
Researchers

Kari M. Osland

Director

Kari Margrethe Osland (PhD) is the Director of NUPI.Osland’s work has predominantly focused on conflict dynamics, insurgencies, peace operations a...

  • Security policy
  • Europe
  • Africa
  • Peace operations
  • Human rights
  • United Nations
  • Comparative methods
  • Security policy
  • Europe
  • Africa
  • Peace operations
  • Human rights
  • United Nations
  • Comparative methods
Morten Skumsrud Andersen
Researchers

Morten Skumsrud Andersen

Senior Research Fellow, Head of the Research Group on Global Order and Diplomacy

Morten S. Andersen is a Senior Research Fellow and Head of the Research group on Global order and Diplomacy. In addition to a focus on theoretical...

  • International investments
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Governance
  • Historical IR
  • International investments
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Governance
  • Historical IR
Minda  Holm
Researchers

Minda Holm

Senior Research Fellow

Minda Holm is a Senior Research Fellow at NUPI. She works on questions of global order and global governance, ideology and ideological contestatio...

  • Security policy
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • Conflict
  • Governance
  • International organizations
  • Historical IR
  • Security policy
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Europe
  • Russia and Eurasia
  • Conflict
  • Governance
  • International organizations
  • Historical IR
Publications
Publications
Scientific article

'Our entire people are natural born friends of peace': the Norwegian foreign policy of peace

What makes a peace nation? In this article it is argued that the Norwegian foreign policy of peace is rooted in an historical self‐understanding of Norway and Norwegians as particularly peaceful, an identity which was first articulated around 1890. Norwegians hold a strong liberal/meliorist belief that the world can become a better place, and that Norway has an important role to play in this process. However, this general belief in peace and a Norwegian peaceful exceptionalism has been expressed in different ways over the last 120 years. Around 1900, the ideal was a passive state and an active people working for peace, while from around 1920 it was accepted that the state needed to take more active part. Where international peace activism was associated in particular with UN peacekeeping during the Cold War, and peace mediation during the 1990's, increasingly a broader panoply of ‘good’ issues have been tied to an ever expanding notion of peace. The last two decades have also seen increased Norwegian participation in offensive military actions, couched at least partly in terms of peace. That the Norwegian attachment to peace remains strong while still allowing for support to military action suggests both that the Norwegian self‐understanding as a peace nation is deeply rooted and that it allows for a self‐righteous understanding of ‘peace through war’.

  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Historical IR
  • Diplomacy
  • Foreign policy
  • Historical IR
Publications
Publications
Scientific article

Kaperne kommer!

(Available in Norwegian only): I en kommentar i Aftenposten i februar sammenlignet Inger Anne Olsen dagens sjørøveri utenfor Somalia med kapervirksomhet utenfor norskekysten under Napoleonskrigene, en praksis hun refererte til som «piratvirksomhet med statlig velsignelse». Sammenligningen er uheldig på mange nivåer, men ikke minst fordi den visker ut skillet mellom kaper og sjørøver, et skille som kunne bety liv eller død både for de mennene som bar karakteristikkene og for de som var om bord i skipene de bemektiget seg. Sammenblandingen er imidlertid forståelig; der de fleste har et relativt klart bilde av hva en sjørøver er eller var, tror mange fortsatt at man snakker om «kaprere» når man forsøker å diskutere kapere. Og selv forfatteren av boken om norske sjørøvere, som gjør et poeng av å skille mellom sjørøvere og kapere, faller for fristelsen til å omtale de norske kaperne under Napoleonskrigene som sjørøvere (Hetland 2008). Den første målsettingen med denne artikkelen er derfor å klargjøre hva en kaper var, og hvordan de skilte seg fra sjørøvere. I et norsk perspektiv er det påfallende hvor lite kunnskap som finnes om kapere. I kystbyer på Sør-Vestlandet finnes en levende bevissthet om kapervirksomheten under Napoleonskrigene, med kaperdager og lokale spel. I den nasjonale bevisstheten er det allikevel kaptein Sabeltann og sjørøvere som assosieres med Sørlandets private voldsmakt. Historisk sett har Norge som kystnasjon imidlertid vel så mye erfaring med kapere som med sjørøvere, og den andre målsettingen med denne artikkelen er å skissere kort hvilke erfaringer vi har med kapere i Norge og å antyde noen grunner til at kaperne har blitt glemt.

  • Oceans
  • Historical IR
  • Oceans
  • Historical IR
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